Reducing Our Use of Disposables

From 2021, producers of packaged products, such as brand owners, manufacturers, and importers, as well as retailers such as supermarkets, with an annual turnover exceeding $10 million, have to collect data on packaging they supply to the market. They also have to develop plans to reduce, reuse or recycle (3R) packaging in Singapore, and submit these 3R plans together with their packaging data annually to NEA, from 2022. The Mandatory Packaging Reporting (MPR) aims to raise companies’ awareness on the amount of packaging used and spur them to better manage or reduce their use of packaging, including disposable packaging. The MPR will lay the foundation for an Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework for packaging waste management.

Under the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) framework to manage packaging waste, which is targeted to be implemented no later than 2025, producers will be responsible for the collection and treatment of the packaging that they supply to the market. This will improve the recycling of used packaging and incentivise upstream reduction in packaging. The first phase of the EPR for packaging waste will be a beverage container return scheme, which NEA will introduce in the next few years. Building on engagements over the past two years, MSE/NEA are embarking on in-depth consultations with stakeholders to carefully develop the details, including the implementation timeline.

The Singapore Packaging Agreement (SPA), launched in 2007, was a joint initiative by government, industry, and non-governmental organisations to reduce packaging waste. Signatories of the SPA had cumulatively reduced about 62,000 tonnes of packaging waste and saved about S$150 million, through actions such as making improvements to their packaging designs or practices to reduce packaging material usage, switching from single-use to reusable containers, or eliminating unnecessary packaging.

With the expiry of the SPA on 30 June 2020 and to carry on its good work of spurring improvements and providing opportunities for the sharing of best practices in sustainable packaging waste management, NEA has partnered the Singapore Manufacturing Federation (SMF) to implement a joint Packaging Partnership Programme from 24 March 2021 . Apart from facilitating access to experts who can provide technical assistance to the companies in identifying areas for improvement, workshops and training sessions will be conducted to support companies in tracking and reporting their packaging data, as well as developing their 3R plans for packaging, to comply with the new mandatory packaging reporting requirements.

NEA has been working with stakeholders to reduce the use of disposables at hawker centres managed by NEA. NEA has disallowed the usage of disposables for dine-in meals at all new hawker centres, and at existing hawker centres which have adopted the use of common crockery and centralised dishwashing services under the Productive Hawker Centres programme. In addition, NEA does not allow new cooked food stallholders at existing hawker centres to provide disposables to patrons for dine-in meals. To reduce the use of bottled water, water dispensers have been installed in most hawker centres, sport centres, and some bus and MRT stations.

The NEA runs the nationwide “Say YES to Waste Less” campaign, to drive public awareness of the impact of excessive consumption of disposables and the need for action. Retailers, F&B outlets, supermarkets, hotels, grassroots organisations, schools, and NGOs partner the NEA in this effort to encourage action at points of consumption. This includes prompting customers to opt out of disposable cutlery for their online orders, providing incentives to customers who bring their reusables, and actively encouraging employees to reduce their use of disposables.

NGOs such as the Singapore Environment Council, Zero Waste SG, and BYO Bottle Singapore have run campaigns to rally retailers and consumers around the Bring Your Own movement, where customers are encouraged to bring their own reusable bags, bottles, or containers.

Initiatives such as WWF-Singapore’s Plastic ACTion (PACT) commit businesses to phasing out disposables such as straws and cutlery, and to not provide disposable utensils by default for online food delivery. Some retailers have also started charging for the use of disposables such as carrier bags and take-away food containers.

Grocery stores that offer packaging-free products are available in Singapore. Examples include Unpackt Pte Ltd, The Source Bulk Foods, Scoop Wholefoods Pty Ltd, and Eco.Le – Zerowaste Bulk Shop, and not to forget our market stalls where fresh and dried goods are often sold without pre-packaging. Reusable take-away container rental services such as barePack and Muuse have also entered the market and partnered with F&B outlets and food delivery companies to rent out reusable food containers or cups to customers, who return the containers after using them to collection points.

MSE and NEA convened a Citizens’ Workgroup to address the issue of excessive consumption of disposables in September 2020. Comprising 55 members of the public from diverse backgrounds, the Workgroup exchanged ideas and consulted stakeholders over seven sessions. The Workgroup submitted its recommendations in January 2021. MSE and NEA supported the Workgroup’s recommendations on educating the public on environmental sustainability, shaping behavioural change through nudges, supporting companies to adopt solutions that reduce the need for packaging and disposables, developing and providing a “Reduction of Disposables” checklist for F&B establishments, as well as a disposable carrier bag charge at supermarkets. More information on the Workgroup’s recommendations and MSE and NEA’s response can be found at https://www.cgs.gov.sg/citizensworkgroup/reports.

A disposable carrier bag charge at supermarkets will be implemented in mid-2023. Supermarket operators with an annual turnover of more than $100 million will be required to charge a minimum of five cents for each disposable carrier bag provided for purchases at their physical stores. To uphold transparency and accountability, the supermarket operators will also be required to publish information on the number of bags issued, amount of proceeds received from the bag charge, and how the proceeds are used. More information can be found here.

• Leaving the house? Bring a bag or two with you. If you like to travel light, fold up a plastic carrier bag into a small triangle and slip it into your pocket. If you tend to forget, leave some bags near your house keys or front door so that you remember to take them.
  
• Think again at the cashier counter. Can you carry your purchases in your backpack/handbag, pockets, or hands? Refuse disposable carrier bags that you don’t need.
• Many people reuse disposable bags to bag their waste. You can reduce the bags you use for waste disposal, by practising the 3Rs. Find out how to Say YES to Waste Less here. 
• Don’t throw product packaging away! You can reuse such packaging – like bread bags, cereal bags, flat-top bags for loose fruits and vegetables, zip-lock bags for dry foods, and many more – to bag your waste. 
  • You can take an old cookie or yogurt tub and line it with such bags, or poke a hole at the top of the bag and hang it from a hook.
  • When the bag is full, you can use an overhand knot to tie it up, or use a rubber band or staples to close the top. If it’s a zip-lock bag, even better – just seal it!

• Leaving the house to buy food and drinks? Bring along your clean reusable containers, cups, and a bag to carry them! Remember to refuse disposable utensils or straws too.
• Do you like to take-away lunch to eat in the comfort of your office? Leave a set of clean reusable container, cup, cutlery, and bag in the office, so that you can use these to take-away your food. You could avoid using up to 200 sets of disposables in a year!
• You can also bring your own mug to the office, to avoid using disposable cups. More tips on practising the 3Rs in office can be found here.
• Ordering food delivery? Put in a request for no cutlery (the major food delivery platforms provide no disposable cutlery by default). You can also consider signing up with providers of reusable take-away container services, which have partnered with some food delivery platforms to offer food delivery in reusable containers. 
• Non-governmental organisation Zero Waste SG has more tips and information on Bring-Your-Own etiquette here.
• Are you heading out for a long day? Stay hydrated by bringing your own bottle of water!

• Buying groceries or provisions? Consider bringing your own clean reusable containers to stores or stalls that offer goods in loose quantities for sale, to avoid the use of packaging.
• You could also buy items (e.g. soft drinks, body lotion) in larger sizes – this would generally reduce the amount of packaging used compared to buying the same amount in smaller sizes. However, if the item is perishable, make sure you can finish it!
• You can also look out for products that feature the ‘Logo for Products with Reduced Packaging’, which indicates that the packaging has been improved to reduce the amount of packaging materials used.

• “Reduction of Disposables” checklist for F&B establishments. A voluntary guideline of best practices for F&B establishments to adopt in reducing the use of disposables in their operations.
• Materials for communicating Bring-Your-Own to consumers. Materials such as posters, tent cards, and wobblers.
• WWF’s Guide to Bring-Your-Own initiatives. [pdf 703KB] An implementation guide for F&B outlets. 
• WWF’s PACT. Companies can join the programme to make individual company commitments to reduce waste or take part in sectoral collaborations to reduce the use of disposables such as retail bags and cutlery.
• The Singapore Environment Council’s Eco Certifications. A certification programme that facilitates the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices, for retail and F&B businesses. Businesses can display a certification in recognition of their sustainable practices.

• Guidelines for making an event environmentally-friendly. [pdf 4.6MB]
• WWF’s Guide to Zero Waste Events [pdf 7.6MB]
• 3R Toolkit for the MICE Industry [pdf 2.1 MB]. A guide on 3R initiatives for the MICE Industry.
• The Singapore Environment Council’s Eco Certifications. A certification programme that facilitates the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices, for event organisers. Organisers will be awarded a certification in recognition of their sustainable practices.

• 3R Guidebook for Schools [PDF, 1.40 MB]. A guide on how the 3Rs can be effectively carried out in schools.
• Educational resource pack for teachers. A resource to be used with primary and secondary school students.
  

• 3R Guidebook for Hotels [PDF, 1.72 MB]. A guide on how the 3Rs can be effectively carried out in hotels.
• 3R Guidebook for Offices [PDF, 2.54 MB]. A guide on how the 3Rs can be effectively carried out in offices.
• 3R Guidebook for Shopping Malls [PDF, 2.82 MB]. A guide on how the 3Rs can be effectively carried out in shopping malls.
• 3R Guidebook for Industrial Developments [PDF, 3.33 MB]. A guide on how businesses can reduce the waste they generate.
• 3R Resource Guidebook for Packaging on guiding companies under the Mandatory Packaging Reporting (MPR) framework.
• WWF’s PACT. Companies can join the programme to make individual company commitments to reduce waste or take part in sectoral collaborations to reduce the use of disposables such as retail bags and cutlery.
• The Singapore Environment Council’s Eco Certifications. A certification programme that facilitates the adoption of environmentally sustainable practices, for offices. Businesses can display a certification in recognition of their sustainable practices.

A: First of all, make sure that your containers are clean and dry! Second, some stalls may not be able to handle customers’ requests to use their own containers, especially during peak hours. Non-governmental organisation Zero Waste SG has more tips and information on Bring-Your-Own etiquette here.

A: Yes, you may do so as long as your container is empty and clean. Refer to Muis’ advisory here.

A: Everyone should do their part for the environment! Nevertheless, there are businesses that offer incentives for bringing your own reusables – refer to the list of Say YES to Waste Less partners here, as well as Supporters of the BYO Singapore movement here. You could also consider signing up with providers of reusable take-away container services, which work with F&B partners to provide reusable containers at the partners’ outlets for take-away.

A: NEA had previously commissioned a life-cycle assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging in Singapore’s context. The study found that reusable containers consume relatively more water than some other disposables during their life cycle due to washing needs. However, in other aspects such as greenhouse gas emissions and energy use, they were among the more environmentally friendly food packaging options.

A: Generally, most containers and packaging made from paper, plastic, metal, and glass can be recycled. You should ensure that the items are free from food and liquids, and rinse and remove such contamination if needed. Please do not recycle the items if the contamination cannot be removed – for instance, soiled pizza cardboard boxes. In addition, items which are made from degradable materials (for example, biodegradable bags), as well as Styrofoam cannot be recycled. You can refer to the Recycling Search Engine or this Recycling Guide to check what can or cannot be placed in the recycling bins.

A: Most items such as bottles, cans, containers, and cartons for packaging food and beverages would not need much washing. However, items that require too much washing, such as very oily containers, should be disposed of as general waste. For more information on how to recycle right, click here.

A: Where possible, we should seek to reduce and reuse so as to use our resources efficiently and avoid creating waste in the first place. While recycling helps to recover resources from waste, the process of recycling does incur environmental impact such as energy use.



In addition, not all disposables can or should be put in the recycling bin. This includes disposables for which the contamination cannot be removed, as they could contaminate the clean recyclables in the recycling bin. There are disposables that cannot be recycled in Singapore, such as those made of degradable plastics or Styrofoam. Some disposables (e.g. disposable face masks, disposable medical syringes) are also meant to be discarded after use for hygiene reasons, and not sent for recycling. Visit https://www.cgs.gov.sg/recycleright/check-my-item to check if your items can or cannot be recycled in the blue recycling bins.

A: NEA had previously commissioned a life-cycle assessment study on carrier bags and food packaging in Singapore’s context. The study found that reusable bags are the most environmentally-friendly option for carrying groceries and similar items. The study also found that the use of 10 reusable bags (non-woven polypropylene or nylon bags) over a year is equivalent to the use of 1,248 plastic or degradable bags, or 520 paper bags. This is the number of bags needed for a family of four to buy items over a year.

A: The intent of the bag charge is to spur sustainable consumption behaviour, like taking only what you need. We hope that it will encourage people to be more mindful of how they use disposable carrier bags and build environmentally friendly habits.

Everyone should continue with the responsible practice of bagging waste before disposal. Disposable bags will still be available from supermarkets, including those for the bagging of fresh produce such as fruits and vegetables, as well as from other non-supermarket retail outlets and wet markets. We can consider repurposing product packaging, like bread or cereal bags, to bag rubbish. We can also look at reducing the waste we dispose of, for example, by reducing food waste and recycling more. You may refer to the section above on “What can I do to reduce my use of disposables?” for tips.

A: The intent of the bag charge is to reduce the consumption of disposable bags. While some people might buy disposable bags after the bag charge at supermarkets is implemented, they would be less likely to use them in a wasteful manner since they have to pay for them.

A: The bag charge makes the cost of the bag salient to shoppers. Putting a visible price on them will encourage people to be more mindful of how they use disposable carrier bags and build environmentally friendly habits over time.

In addition, cashiers will have to check with customers if they need a bag, instead of freely issuing bags. This will nudge customers to actively consider if they need a bag, and not take bags by default.

The supermarket operators will also be strongly encouraged to channel the bag charge proceeds to environmental or social causes. In addition, they will be required to publicly disclose the amount of bag charge proceeds collected and how they are used.

A: Based on feedback from our consultations, it would be confusing to shoppers and operationally more challenging for cashiers to implement both a charge per bag and a rebate for customers who bring their own bags. This could lead to disputes at check-out counters and longer queue times for customers.

Different supermarket operators have different financial considerations and customer profiles. Thus, they would have differing ideas on how they could incentivise customers. By not mandating monetary rebates, supermarket operators can have the flexibility to come up with their own incentives to encourage customers to bring their own bags, e.g. loyalty points, tokens, cash rebates, or discounts.

A: The disposable carrier bag charge was recommended by the Citizens’ Workgroup. It has proven to be highly effective in overseas jurisdictions. Bag charges in Hong Kong, Ireland, the United Kingdom, Taiwan, and the Netherlands have led to a reduction in the consumption of disposable bags by about 60 to 90 per cent.

In addition, supermarket operators here that had implemented rebates for customers who brought their own bags and spent a minimum amount per transaction, had discontinued the rebate scheme citing its limited effectiveness in reducing disposable carrier bag usage. A rebate might not be as effective as a charge, as the shopper could continue with their usual shopping habit of using disposable carrier bags. However, when shoppers see that they will be charged for a bag, they are more likely to pause and reconsider the need for the bag.

A: The intent of the charge is to encourage everyone to play their part in reducing the use of disposable carrier bags. At the same time, we are mindful of the potential impact the bag charge may have on lower-income families, and have thus kept the minimum charge low at 5 cents per bag to moderate the cost impact.

We strongly encourage supermarket operators to channel the proceeds of the charge to good causes. These can be sustainability-related, or charitable programmes that help the needy to lessen the impact of the charge, such as incentives for customers who bring their own bags (BYOB), or the distribution of care packs in reusable bags, which can be reused for grocery shopping as well.

We will also engage the supermarket operators as well as other organisations to consider voluntarily providing support to lessen the potential impact of the charge, such as incentives or initiatives to encourage customers to bring their own bags.

Some supermarket operators have already stepped up to provide support for the more vulnerable groups in our society. For example, FairPrice offers discounts to seniors and blue CHAS card holders on specific days. The Dairy Farm Group donates daily necessities such as canned food, rice, and milk powder to The Food Bank under its Better Together programme, to help lower-income families. Sheng Siong collaborates with Red Cross Youth annually to collect and distribute hampers of food, toiletries, and household items for the needy.